01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter.
02 - Combine flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt in a small bowl. Cut in cold butter using a fork or fingertips until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Refrigerate until ready to use.
03 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl until well incorporated.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk buttermilk, melted butter, eggs, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully combined.
05 - Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients. Fold gently with a spatula just until flour disappears—do not overmix or muffins will become tough.
06 - Gently fold blueberries into the batter, taking care not to crush them. If using frozen berries, add directly from freezer without thawing.
07 - Divide batter evenly among prepared muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
08 - Sprinkle prepared streusel topping generously over each muffin, pressing lightly to adhere.
09 - Bake for 20 to 22 minutes until tops are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
10 - Let muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.